Fichier:Marconi Type 106 crystal radio receiver.jpg

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Description

Description
English: Marconi Type 106 radio receiver, a sophisticated crystal radio receiver made from 1915 through 1922 by the American Marconi Co. for use in commercial wireless telegraphy stations. The cat's whisker crystal detector is visible on the front panel between the bottom center and righthand knobs. It had two crystal detectors which could be selected; a galena and a carborundum detector. The carborundum detector had a battery and potentiometer to forward bias the junction a few volts to increase its sensitivity. It also had a buzzer circuit coupled to the antenna to adjust the crystal. The Type 106 went through many design changes. Its tuning range was 3500 to 200 meters (86 to 1500 kHz). Research Engineer Harry Shoemaker was in charge of developing receivers at this time. This sophisticated inductively-coupled receiver could receive Morse code transmissions from powerful spark gap transmitters from thousands of miles away, across oceans.
Controls
The 4 dials along the upper part of the front panel (L to R) were:
  • Transformer primary tap point (two leftmost dials)- this was adjusted to match the input impedance of the receiver to the antenna for maximum power transfer. The larger right dial adjusted the tap point by tens and the smaller left dial by units, giving a range from 0 to 299.
  • Potentiometer - set the bias voltage applied to the crystal, when the battery switch (below) was on. The carborundum detector mainly used in professional receivers like this was a diode with a large band gap of about 3 volts, and a forward bias voltage of several volts from an internal battery was applied to it to increase its sensitivity. The bias moved the DC operating point of the diode to the most sensitive "knee" of its current-voltage curve.
  • Transformer secondary tap point - this matched the impedance of the transformer secondary to the crystal and earphone to transfer maximum power to the earphone
The 3 larger dials along the lower part of the panel (L to R) were:
  • Primary condenser - tuned the primary (antenna) circuit of the receiver to the desired station
  • Coupling - adjusted the coupling (mutual inductance) between the primary and secondary windings of the resonant transformer by moving them apart or together. This was used to increase the selectivity of the receiver. If two stations were close together in frequency and interfering with each other, the operator could "loosen" (decrease) the coupling, which had the effect of increasing the Q factor and selectivity of the receiver, to reject the unwanted station. This was a tradeoff because the lower coupling also decreased the power transfer to the earphone.
  • Secondary condenser - tuned the secondary circuit of the receiver to the desired station. Both the primary and secondary circuits had to be tuned to the same resonant frequency to receive the station.
All 3 of these controls were interactive; adjusting one changed the adjustment of the others, so tuning in a station was an elaborate process of successive approximation. When a station was adequately tuned in, the operator wrote down the settings on the dials in his logbook so the station could be found again without trial and error.
  • Below the 3 large dials are visible the battery switch (left) which turned the bias battery off when a crystal detector other than carborundum was used, and the crystal detector (right).
Information from Wenaas, Eric P. (2007) Radiola: The Golden Age of RCA, États-Unis : Sonoran Publishing, pp. 48 ISBN : 1886606218. .
Date
Source Uploaded 2017-05-28 from a scan of Elmer Eustice Bucher's (October, 1917, Second Revised edition) Practical Wireless Telegraphy, Revised Ed., Wireless Press Inc., New York, p.151, fig.170.
Auteur Elmer Eustice Bucher
Autorisation
(Réutilisation de ce fichier)		 Public Domain in USA - published prior to 1923 in USA

Conditions d’utilisation

Public domain
Cette œuvre est dans le domaine public aux États-Unis car elle a été publiée avant le 1er janvier 1931.
Les œuvres dans le domaine public doivent être inéligibles pour le droit d'auteur à la fois aux États-Unis et dans leur pays d'origine pour pouvoir être hébergées sur Commons. Si l'œuvre ne provient pas des États-Unis, le fichier doit comporter un bandeau de licence supplémentaire indiquant la situation vis-à-vis du droit d'auteur dans le pays d'origine.

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Marconi antique crystal radio receiver 1915

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Date et heureVignetteDimensionsUtilisateurCommentaire
actuel28 mai 2017 à 21:16Vignette pour la version du 28 mai 2017 à 21:161 552 × 1 080 (612 kio)wikimediacommons>Thomas H. WhiteHigher quality scan from an earlier edition (October 1917) of "Practical Wireless Telegraphy".

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